List of emperors of Japan

Japan has been ruled by emperors since antiquity. The sequence, order and dates of the early emperors are almost entirely based on the 8th-century Nihon Shoki, which was meant to retroactively legitimise the Imperial House by dating its foundation further back to the year 660 BC.^[1]^[2]^[3] Emperor Kinmei (r. 539–571) is often considered the first historical emperor,^[4]^[5] but the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence is actually Emperor Yūryaku (r. 456–479), who is mentioned in the 5th-century Inariyama and Eta Funayama Swords.^[6]^[7] According to Chinese sources, the unification of Japan took place between the 2nd and 3rd centuries.^[8]^[9]

The terms Tennō ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as Nihon ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century AD.^[10]^[2] In the nengō system which has been in use since the late 7th century, years are numbered using the Japanese era name and the number of years which have elapsed since the start of that nengō era.^[11]

^ Smits, Gregory J. (1991). Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712). Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 9780889209978.
^ ^a ^b Vogel, Ezra F. (2019). China and Japan: Facing History. Harvard University Press. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780674240766.
^ Mason, Richard (2011). "Chapter Two". History of Japan: Revised Edition. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462900978.
^ Henshall, Kenneth (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
^ Hoye, Timothy (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780132712897. According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei
^ Conlan, Thomas Donald (2022). Samurai and the Warrior Culture of Japan, 471–1877: A Sourcebook. Hackett Publishing. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-1-64792-057-9.
^ Bentley, John R. (2020). The Birth of Japanese Historiography. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29569-6.
^ Henshall, Kenneth (2012). A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-230-34662-8.
^ Hendry, Joy (2012). Understanding Japanese Society. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-136-27918-8.
^ Holcombe, Charles (January 2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. – A.D. 907. University of Hawaii Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-8248-2465-5.
^ Nussbaum, "Nengō", p. 704.

[1] Smits, Gregory J. (1991). Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712). Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 9780889209978.

[Vogel-2] Vogel, Ezra F. (2019). China and Japan: Facing History. Harvard University Press. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780674240766.

[3] Mason, Richard (2011). "Chapter Two". History of Japan: Revised Edition. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462900978.

[4] Henshall, Kenneth (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.

[Timothy-5] Hoye, Timothy (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780132712897. According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei

[6] Conlan, Thomas Donald (2022). Samurai and the Warrior Culture of Japan, 471–1877: A Sourcebook. Hackett Publishing. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-1-64792-057-9.

[7] Bentley, John R. (2020). The Birth of Japanese Historiography. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29569-6.

[8] Henshall, Kenneth (2012). A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-230-34662-8.

[:1-9] Hendry, Joy (2012). Understanding Japanese Society. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-136-27918-8.

[Holcombe-10] Holcombe, Charles (January 2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. – A.D. 907. University of Hawaii Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-8248-2465-5.

[FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage704mode2upviewtheater_"Nengō"],_p._704-11] Nussbaum, "Nengō", p. 704.

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List of emperors of Japan

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